# Deployments Cicd

> Vercel deployment and CI/CD expert guidance. Use when deploying, promoting, rolling back, inspecting deployments, building with --prebuilt, or configuring CI workflow files for Vercel.

Fuente: https://skillsagentes.com/skills/vercel/vercel-plugin/deployments-cicd
Markdown: https://skillsagentes.com/skills/vercel/vercel-plugin/deployments-cicd.md

Repositorio: https://github.com/vercel/vercel-plugin
Autor: vercel
Licencia: NOASSERTION
Actualizado: hace 4 meses
Coste de contexto: 46 tok instalada, 2.9k tok al activarse, 2.9k tok con todos los archivos del bundle
Bundle: 1 archivo, 11 KB
Permisos que pide: ninguno declarado

## Instalación

Un skill son archivos markdown: los mismos archivos valen para cualquier agente y lo único que cambia es el directorio de destino, es decir la bandera `--agent`. Añade `-g` para instalarlo en todos los proyectos de la máquina.

```bash
# Claude Code
npx -y skills add vercel/vercel-plugin --skill deployments-cicd --agent claude-code
# Cursor
npx -y skills add vercel/vercel-plugin --skill deployments-cicd --agent cursor
# Codex
npx -y skills add vercel/vercel-plugin --skill deployments-cicd --agent codex
# Gemini CLI
npx -y skills add vercel/vercel-plugin --skill deployments-cicd --agent gemini
# Windsurf
npx -y skills add vercel/vercel-plugin --skill deployments-cicd --agent windsurf
# Cline
npx -y skills add vercel/vercel-plugin --skill deployments-cicd --agent cline
```

## Antes de instalar

- Variables de entorno: GITHUB_OUTPUT, VERCEL_TOKEN
- needs API credentials

## Archivos

- SKILL.md — 11 KB

## SKILL.md

Reproducido tal cual desde vercel/vercel-plugin bajo NOASSERTION. Esta sección es el documento original y está en inglés.

# Vercel Deployments & CI/CD

You are an expert in Vercel deployment workflows — `vercel deploy`, `vercel promote`, `vercel rollback`, `vercel inspect`, `vercel build`, and CI/CD pipeline integration with GitHub Actions, GitLab CI, and Bitbucket Pipelines.

## Deployment Commands

### Preview Deployment

```bash
# Deploy from project root (creates preview URL)
vercel

# Equivalent explicit form
vercel deploy
```

Preview deployments are created automatically for every push to a non-production branch when using Git integration. They provide a unique URL for testing.

### Production Deployment

```bash
# Deploy directly to production
vercel --prod
vercel deploy --prod

# Force a new deployment (skip cache)
vercel --prod --force
```

### Build Locally, Deploy Build Output

```bash
# Build locally (uses development env vars by default)
vercel build

# Build with production env vars
vercel build --prod

# Deploy only the build output (no remote build)
vercel deploy --prebuilt
vercel deploy --prebuilt --prod
```

**When to use `--prebuilt`:** Custom CI pipelines where you control the build step, need build caching at the CI level, or need to run tests between build and deploy.

### Promote & Rollback

```bash
# Promote a preview deployment to production
vercel promote <deployment-url-or-id>

# Rollback to the previous production deployment
vercel rollback

# Rollback to a specific deployment
vercel rollback <deployment-url-or-id>
```

**Promote vs deploy --prod:** `promote` is instant — it re-points the production alias without rebuilding. Use it when a preview deployment has been validated and is ready for production.

### Inspect Deployments

```bash
# View deployment details (build info, functions, metadata)
vercel inspect <deployment-url>

# List recent deployments
vercel ls

# View logs for a deployment
vercel logs <deployment-url>
vercel logs <deployment-url> --follow
```

## CI/CD Integration

### Required Environment Variables

Every CI pipeline needs these three variables:

```bash
VERCEL_TOKEN=<your-token>        # Personal or team token
VERCEL_ORG_ID=<org-id>           # From .vercel/project.json
VERCEL_PROJECT_ID=<project-id>   # From .vercel/project.json
```

Set these as secrets in your CI provider. Never commit them to source control.

### GitHub Actions

```yaml
name: Deploy to Vercel
on:
  push:
    branches: [main]

jobs:
  deploy:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v4

      - name: Install Vercel CLI
        run: npm install -g vercel

      - name: Pull Vercel Environment
        run: vercel pull --yes --environment=production --token=${{ secrets.VERCEL_TOKEN }}

      - name: Build
        run: vercel build --prod --token=${{ secrets.VERCEL_TOKEN }}

      - name: Deploy
        run: vercel deploy --prebuilt --prod --token=${{ secrets.VERCEL_TOKEN }}
```

### OIDC Federation (Secure Backend Access)

Vercel OIDC federation is for **secure backend access** — letting your deployed Vercel functions authenticate with third-party services (AWS, GCP, HashiCorp Vault) without storing long-lived secrets. It does **not** replace `VERCEL_TOKEN` for CLI deployments.

**What OIDC does:** Your Vercel function requests a short-lived OIDC token from Vercel at runtime, then exchanges it with an external provider's STS/token endpoint for scoped credentials.

**What OIDC does not do:** Authenticate the Vercel CLI in CI pipelines. All `vercel pull`, `vercel build`, and `vercel deploy` commands still require `--token=${{ secrets.VERCEL_TOKEN }}`.

**When to use OIDC:**
- Serverless functions that need to call AWS APIs (S3, DynamoDB, SQS)
- Functions authenticating to GCP services via Workload Identity Federation
- Any runtime service-to-service auth where you want to avoid storing static secrets in Vercel env vars

### GitLab CI

```yaml
deploy:
  image: node:20
  stage: deploy
  script:
    - npm install -g vercel
    - vercel pull --yes --environment=production --token=$VERCEL_TOKEN
    - vercel build --prod --token=$VERCEL_TOKEN
    - vercel deploy --prebuilt --prod --token=$VERCEL_TOKEN
  only:
    - main
```

### Bitbucket Pipelines

```yaml
pipelines:
  branches:
    main:
      - step:
          name: Deploy to Vercel
          image: node:20
          script:
            - npm install -g vercel
            - vercel pull --yes --environment=production --token=$VERCEL_TOKEN
            - vercel build --prod --token=$VERCEL_TOKEN
            - vercel deploy --prebuilt --prod --token=$VERCEL_TOKEN
```

## Common CI Patterns

### Preview Deployments on PRs

```yaml
# GitHub Actions
on:
  pull_request:
    types: [opened, synchronize]

jobs:
  preview:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
      - run: npm install -g vercel
      - run: vercel pull --yes --environment=preview --token=${{ secrets.VERCEL_TOKEN }}
      - run: vercel build --token=${{ secrets.VERCEL_TOKEN }}
      - id: deploy
        run: echo "url=$(vercel deploy --prebuilt --token=${{ secrets.VERCEL_TOKEN }})" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
      - name: Comment PR
        uses: actions/github-script@v7
        with:
          script: |
            github.rest.issues.createComment({
              issue_number: context.issue.number,
              owner: context.repo.owner,
              repo: context.repo.repo,
              body: `Preview: ${{ steps.deploy.outputs.url }}`
            })
```

### Promote After Tests Pass

```yaml
jobs:
  deploy-preview:
    # ... deploy preview ...
    outputs:
      url: ${{ steps.deploy.outputs.url }}

  e2e-tests:
    needs: deploy-preview
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
      - run: npx playwright test --base-url=${{ needs.deploy-preview.outputs.url }}

  promote:
    needs: [deploy-preview, e2e-tests]
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    if: github.ref == 'refs/heads/main'
    steps:
      - run: npm install -g vercel
      - run: vercel promote ${{ needs.deploy-preview.outputs.url }} --token=${{ secrets.VERCEL_TOKEN }}
```

## Global CLI Flags for CI

| Flag | Purpose |
|------|---------|
| `--token <token>` | Authenticate (required in CI) |
| `--yes` / `-y` | Skip confirmation prompts |
| `--scope <team>` | Execute as a specific team |
| `--cwd <dir>` | Set working directory |

## Best Practices

1. **Always use `--prebuilt` in CI** — separates build from deploy, enables build caching and test gates
2. **Use `vercel pull` before build** — ensures correct env vars and project settings
3. **Prefer `promote` over re-deploy** — instant, no rebuild, same artifact
4. **Use OIDC federation for runtime backend access** — lets Vercel functions auth to AWS/GCP without static secrets (does not replace `VERCEL_TOKEN` for CLI)
5. **Pin the Vercel CLI version in CI** — `npm install -g vercel@latest` can break unexpectedly
6. **Add `--yes` flag in CI** — prevents interactive prompts from hanging pipelines

## Deployment Strategy Matrix

| Scenario | Strategy | Commands |
|----------|----------|----------|
| Standard team workflow | Git-push deploy | Push to main/feature branches |
| Custom CI/CD (Actions, CircleCI) | Prebuilt deploy | `vercel build && vercel deploy --prebuilt` |
| Monorepo with Turborepo | Affected + remote cache | `turbo run build --affected --remote-cache` |
| Preview for every PR | Default behavior | Auto-creates preview URL per branch |
| Promote preview to production | CLI promotion | `vercel promote <url>` |
| Atomic deploys with DB migrations | Two-phase | Run migration → verify → `vercel promote` |
| Edge-first architecture | Edge Functions | Set `runtime: 'edge'` in route config |

## Common Build Errors

| Error | Cause | Fix |
|-------|-------|-----|
| `ERR_PNPM_OUTDATED_LOCKFILE` | Lockfile doesn't match package.json | Run `pnpm install`, commit lockfile |
| `NEXT_NOT_FOUND` | Root directory misconfigured | Set `rootDirectory` in Project Settings |
| `Invalid next.config.js` | Config syntax error | Validate config locally with `next build` |
| `functions/api/*.js` mismatch | Wrong file structure | Move to `app/api/` directory (App Router) |
| `Error: EPERM` | File permission issue in build | Don't `chmod` in build scripts; use postinstall |

## Deploy Summary Format

Present a structured deploy result block:

```
## Deploy Result
- **URL**: <deployment-url>
- **Target**: production | preview
- **Status**: READY | ERROR | BUILDING | QUEUED
- **Commit**: <short-sha>
- **Framework**: <detected-framework>
- **Build Duration**: <duration>
```

If the deployment failed, append:

```
- **Error**: <summary of failure from logs>
```

For production deploys, also include:

```
### Post-Deploy Observability
- **Error scan**: <N errors found / clean> (scanned via vercel logs --level error --since 1h)
- **Drains**: <N configured / none>
- **Monitoring**: <active / gaps identified>
```

## Deploy Next Steps

Based on the deployment outcome:

- **Success (preview)** → "Visit the preview URL to verify. When ready, run `/deploy prod` to promote to production."
- **Success (production)** → "Your production site is live. Run `/status` to see the full project overview."
- **Build error** → "Check the build logs above. Common fixes: verify `build` script in package.json, check for missing env vars with `/env list`, ensure dependencies are installed."
- **Missing env vars** → "Run `/env pull` to sync environment variables locally, or `/env list` to review what's configured on Vercel."
- **Monorepo issues** → "Ensure the correct project root is configured in Vercel project settings. Check `vercel.json` for `rootDirectory`."
- **Post-deploy errors detected** → "Review errors above. Check `vercel logs <url> --level error` for details. If drains are configured, correlate with external monitoring."
- **No monitoring configured** → "Set up drains or install an error tracking integration before the next production deploy. Run `/status` for a full observability diagnostic."

## Official Documentation

- [Deployments](https://vercel.com/docs/deployments)
- [Vercel CLI](https://vercel.com/docs/cli)
- [GitHub Actions](https://vercel.com/docs/deployments/git/vercel-for-github)
- [GitLab CI](https://vercel.com/docs/deployments/git/vercel-for-gitlab)
- [Bitbucket Pipelines](https://vercel.com/docs/deployments/git/vercel-for-bitbucket)
- [OIDC Federation](https://vercel.com/docs/oidc)

## Dónde encaja

- Categoría: [DevOps e infraestructura](https://skillsagentes.com/categorias/devops-infraestructura.md) — Despliegues, contenedores, IaC y flujos de gestión de incidentes.
- Creador: [vercel](https://skillsagentes.com/creators/vercel.md) — 79 skills en el directorio
- [Todas las skills](https://skillsagentes.com/skills.md)
- [Ranking de instalaciones](https://skillsagentes.com/ranking.md)

## Otras skills del mismo repositorio

- [Knowledge Update](https://skillsagentes.com/skills/vercel/vercel-plugin/knowledge-update.md): Corrects outdated LLM knowledge about the Vercel platform and introduces new products. Injected at session start.
- [Vercel Connect](https://skillsagentes.com/skills/vercel/vercel-plugin/vercel-connect.md): Vercel Connect expert guidance — securely obtain scoped OAuth tokens for third-party services (Slack, GitHub, MCP servers, OAuth, Snowflake) on behalf of apps or users via Vercel OIDC. Use when wiring up third-party API access, connecting to MCP servers, sending Slack messages, accessing GitHub APIs, receiving webhook events from Slack/Linear/GitHub and forwarding them to your agents and apps, or building eve agent connections.
- [Vercel Functions](https://skillsagentes.com/skills/vercel/vercel-plugin/vercel-functions.md): Vercel Functions expert guidance — Serverless Functions, Edge Functions, Fluid Compute, streaming, Cron Jobs, and runtime configuration. Use when configuring, debugging, or optimizing server-side code running on Vercel.
- [Cdn Caching](https://skillsagentes.com/skills/vercel/vercel-plugin/cdn-caching.md): Debug Vercel CDN caching — cache hit rate, stale content, revalidation behavior, ISR + PPR, per-request cache reasons (cacheReason) and PPR state (ppr_state), and costs.
- [Eve](https://skillsagentes.com/skills/vercel/vercel-plugin/eve.md): eve framework guidance for durable AI agents and agent-powered applications. Use when creating, editing, or debugging an eve project, when the user explicitly asks for eve, or when the build-agents skill has selected eve as the default framework. Covers eve's filesystem-first runtime, durable sessions, tools, skills, connections, channels, sandboxes, subagents, schedules, evals, frontend clients, and Agent Runs observability. Do not use for incidental agent mentions, generic agent-building prompts, or established non-eve stacks unless the user asks for comparison or migration.

## Skills relacionadas

- [Cdn Caching](https://skillsagentes.com/skills/vercel/vercel-plugin/cdn-caching.md): Debug Vercel CDN caching — cache hit rate, stale content, revalidation behavior, ISR + PPR, per-request cache reasons (cacheReason) and PPR state (ppr_state), and costs.
- [Create A Backend](https://skillsagentes.com/skills/vercel/vercel-plugin/create-a-backend.md): Backend architecture guidance. Use when planning, building, or migrating an API or backend; choosing between Functions, Services, containers, Workflow, Queues, and Marketplace databases; or selecting a supported backend framework or runtime.
- [Microfrontends](https://skillsagentes.com/skills/vercel/vercel-plugin/microfrontends.md): Guide for building, configuring, and deploying microfrontends on Vercel. Use this skill when the user mentions microfrontends, multi-zones, splitting an app across teams, independent deployments, cross-app routing, incremental migration, composing multiple frontends under one domain, microfrontends.json, @vercel/microfrontends, the microfrontends local proxy, or path-based routing between Vercel projects. Also use when the user asks about shared layouts across projects, navigation between microfrontends, fallback environments, asset prefixes, or feature flag controlled routing.
- [Nextjs](https://skillsagentes.com/skills/vercel/vercel-plugin/nextjs.md): Next.js App Router expert guidance. Use when building, debugging, or architecting Next.js applications — routing, Server Components, Server Actions, Cache Components, layouts, middleware/proxy, data fetching, rendering strategies, and deployment on Vercel.
- [Runtime Cache](https://skillsagentes.com/skills/vercel/vercel-plugin/runtime-cache.md): Vercel Runtime Cache API guidance — ephemeral per-region key-value cache with tag-based invalidation. Shared across Functions, Routing Middleware, and Builds. Use when implementing caching strategies beyond framework-level caching.

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